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Showing posts with label CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FOR METALLIC ELEMENTS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FOR METALLIC ELEMENTS. Show all posts

Saturday, 26 March 2016

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FOR METALLIC ELEMENTS

          The crystals of most metals have highly closed symmetrical structure with closed packed atoms. The most common types of space lattice (or unit cell) with which metallic elements crystallise are given below:
4. Hexagonal closed pack structure (HCP).


Crystal type
Example
(1) Simple cubic
(2) B.C.C 

     (3) F.C.C  
(4) H.C.P
     Polonium
    α-iron, γ-iron, Na, vanadium, Chromium, Molybdenum
     γ-iron, Al, Cu, Ag, gold, Lead, Pt
     Mg, Zn, Cd, zirconium, titanium

Simple cubic

Here the atoms are located at the corners of the cube. 
It consist of 8 atoms at corners
Number of atoms per unit cell = 8 x 1/8 =1 atom
Atomic radius = r = a/2





Body centred cubic (BCC)

The unit cell of BCC system has an atom at each corner, which are shared by the adjoining eight cubes and one at the body centre. Obviously, each unit cell share 8 atoms one on each of its corners in additions to one atom at the body centre. Hence

The share of each cube = 8 corners x 1/8 + 1 centre x 1 = 2
Number of atoms per unit cell = 2 atoms
Atomic radius = r = 

EXCr,Fe(α), W, Tantalum, Molybdenum 



FACE CENTERED CUBIC STRUCTURE (F.C.C)

          Here the atoms are present at the 8 corners of the cube and also at each side of the face (6 faces). 

Number of atoms per unit cell = 6 each side x 1/2 + 8 corners x 1/8 =4 atoms
Atomic radius = r = 

EX: Al, Cu, Pb, Ni, Pt, Ag





HEXAGONAL CLOSED PACK STRUCTURE

          Here 12-atoms at each corner and 2-atoms at face centre 3-atoms in middle of crystal. Each atom at corner shared by 6 adjacent unit cells, 2 face centered are shared by another 2 unit cells and 3 atoms in centre so hence,

The Number of atoms per unit cell =2 each face x 1/2 +12 corners x 1/6 + 3 = 6 atoms

EX: Cd, Mg, Ti, Zn 


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