This test is employed for detection of small defects which are very small to detect with naked eye. This test is used to detect surface cracks or flaws in non-ferrous metals. The test specimen is first thoroughly cleaned and dried before the test. A liquid penetrant is applied to the surface; This test employs a visible colour-contrast dye penetrant technique for the detection of open surface flaws in metallic and non-metallic objects. The penetrants are applied by dipping or brushing over the surface of material to be inspected. The excess penetrant is then washed or cleaned. Absorbent powder is then applied to absorb the penetrants in the cracks, voids which reveals the flaws. This test reveals flaws such as shrinkage cracks, porosity, fatigue cracks, grinding cracks, forging cracks, seams, heat treatment cracks and leaks etc., on casting, welding, machined parts, cutting tools, pipes and tubes.
If the fluorescent penetrant is used the developed surface must be examined under ultra violet light to see the presence of defects. This technique is used for non-porous and non-absorbent materials. Care may be taken to clean the surface so that it is free from dust, scale, etc, to have better results. penetrants are highly toxic and flammable and hence proper precautions should be taken both during use and of storage of penetrants.
Liquid penetrant tests are simple, versatile, portable and inexpensive. The results are easy to interpret but only surface faults can be detected. If a permanent record is required a photograph or videotape or inspectors report may be kept. The use of laser scanners and digital control allows this process to be used as a mass production technique.
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